1.Year 1961: Discovery of the Hayflick limit

Leonard Hayflick proved limit of human cell division (about 50 times), revealing the biological basis of cell aging and laying the foundation for subsequent research on the mechanism of aging.

2.Year 1990: Telomerase and the mechanism of telomere shortening were revealed

For the first time, the discovery of telomerase linked the shortening of telomeres at the ends of chromosomes to cell aging, providing key clues for understanding the molecular mechanism of aging.

3.Year 2004: The concept of senescent cell clearance was proposed

Researchers have found that eliminating senescent cells can alleviate aging-related diseases, promoting the development of "senolvtics" (senescent cell clearing agent) therapies, such as the combination of dasatinib + quercetin.

4.Year 2016: Preclinical breakthrough of Senolvtics therapy

For the first time, it was confirmed in animal models that eliminating senescent cells can reverse diseases such as osteoarthritis and atherosclerosis, triggering a boom in the development of anti-aging drugs.

5.Year 2019: Systematic analysis of the senescent cell secretory phenotype (SASP)

Nature Review clarified that senescent cells drive systemic aging by secreting pro-inflammatory factors and proposed a new anti-aging strategy targeting SASP.

6.Year 2024: Immune system reboot and chimeric peptide therapy

Reversal of immunosenescence: Stanford team developed antibodies to eliminate myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells, restoring immunity in aged mice, and reducing chronic inflammation.

Chimeric peptide E16-UPA24: Zhejiang University team designed a peptide targeting senescent cells, activating NK cells to eliminate senescent cells, and improving liver fibrosis and other diseases.

7.Year 2024: A systematic summary of anti-aging interventions

David Sinclair summarized 8 anti-aging strategies in Cell Metabolism, including rapamycin, NAD+ supplementation, probiotic regulation, etc., promoting the clinical transformation of multi-pathway combined intervention.

8.Year 2024: Reconstructing the evolutionary perspective of aging

Professor Wang Zhao of Tsinghua University proposed that aging is the result of "the inertia of natural selection", emphasizing that the extension of healthy life span takes precedence over chronological life span, and reshaping the goal of anti-aging research.

9.Extracellular matrix (ECM) regulation and hyaluronic acid anti-aging products launched

Cell lists extracellular matrix (ECM) as the 13th major marker of aging, revealing the mechanism by which high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA) prolongs lifespan through ECM repair.

10.Quantum computing drives NAD+ metabolism optimization

A team of Japanese researchers used quantum neural networks to analyze NAD+ synthetase mutations in Asian populations and developed "Aging Element" to increase NAD+ utilization. Clinically, it showed that epigenetic age was reversed by 4.3 years.

11.Regeneration induces systemic tissue rejuvenation

The University of Michigan used planarians as a model and found that amputation regeneration can reverse aging phenotypes (such as neuronal loss and oxidative stress), revealing that pluripotent stem cell homeostasis is the core mechanism of tissue rejuvenation.